A urine microalbumin test is a test to detect very small levels of a blood protein (albumin) in your urine. This test is used to detect early signs of kidney damage in people who are at risk of developing kidney disease, as albumin is one of the first proteins to leak when the kidneys get damaged.  Microalbumin tests are recommended for people with an increased risk of kidney disease, such as those with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or high blood pressure.